Trick to find Hybridization in a molecule
Methods # 1
Find the number of atoms attached to the central atom. If it’s 4n sp3, 5? Simple sp3d, 6? sp3d2. Lone pairs are also present in hybridised orbitals; so water for example, Oxygen has 2 hydrogen around it and 2 lone pairs, total 4 hence? sp3. Multiple bonds are due to electrons in unhybridised orbitals. In this way, you won’t need to calculate. But be careful as this strategy may not work for transition metals.
Methode # 2
If the simple textbook explaination is not short for you let me tell you the same.
Count all the sigma bond, or rather count the number of atoms it is bonded to.
Count the number of bonds, coordination bonds don't count. Now see how many electrons should be free. It should be a multiple of 2
Now you have the number of lone pairs, add the number fo lone pairs and sigma bonds and you have the hybridisation. Just in case you don't know here's it.
1- nothing
2- sp
3- sp2
4- sp3/dsp2/sp2d/spd2/d2sp (besides sp3 all involve sp3 and you won't find them before coordination chemistry. For them there is no short cut. You have to analyse everything carefully to find the hybridisation.
5- sp3d
6- sp3d2
7- sp3d3
8- sp3d4
Methods # 1
Find the number of atoms attached to the central atom. If it’s 4n sp3, 5? Simple sp3d, 6? sp3d2. Lone pairs are also present in hybridised orbitals; so water for example, Oxygen has 2 hydrogen around it and 2 lone pairs, total 4 hence? sp3. Multiple bonds are due to electrons in unhybridised orbitals. In this way, you won’t need to calculate. But be careful as this strategy may not work for transition metals.
Methode # 2
If the simple textbook explaination is not short for you let me tell you the same.
Count all the sigma bond, or rather count the number of atoms it is bonded to.
Count the number of bonds, coordination bonds don't count. Now see how many electrons should be free. It should be a multiple of 2
Now you have the number of lone pairs, add the number fo lone pairs and sigma bonds and you have the hybridisation. Just in case you don't know here's it.
1- nothing
2- sp
3- sp2
4- sp3/dsp2/sp2d/spd2/d2sp (besides sp3 all involve sp3 and you won't find them before coordination chemistry. For them there is no short cut. You have to analyse everything carefully to find the hybridisation.
5- sp3d
6- sp3d2
7- sp3d3
8- sp3d4
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